Origo.Network is a distributed privacy application platform invested by top investment institutions such as Polychain Capital, which can support both private transfers and private smart contracts. On the recently released testnet Originis, the PAPP (Privacy Distributed Application) platform currently launched by Origo.Network contains three core functions: (1) The private transfer function of the first account structure, and ZCash / Monero / Grin are all UTXO The privacy transfer of the framework does not yet support smart contracts; (2) The first privacy smart contract protocol function applicable to multiple smart contract blockchains, which supports the privacy protection and protection of sensitive distributed application data through conventional hardware Encrypted and trusted computing; (3) Freely switch between public and private transfers. The flexible design allows users to choose public or private transfer functions according to their needs, which is suitable for various scenarios with different privacy requirements. The functions of Origo Token include not only private cash like ZCash/Monero/Grin, but also a private version of Ethereum miner fees for supporting distributed privacy applications.

Project Vision

Origo is a new privacy solution. Through the privacy protocol developed by itself, the operation on the chain and off the chain is realized, and the off-chain information is encrypted before being uploaded to the chain. At the same time, Origo also pays attention to the issue of scalability, and improves the speed of the public chain through double chains and fragmentation.

Project Highlights

Origo is a good project. First of all, the rigorous and logical white paper is the biggest highlight of this project. The positioning in the white paper is clear, the technical part is clear, complete, in-depth, and rigorous in thinking, which shows that the team has a clear vision. Development ideas, but the description of the encryption economy part is a little lacking, you can think about this aspect further. Secondly, the project is very popular, many powerful investment institutions have entered the market, and the market has also maintained a high degree of attention to this project. Although the white paper is beautiful, the investment lineup is luxurious, and the market is hot, but the founding team is slightly insufficient. The theoretical part of the blockchain is solid, and the actual experience is insufficient. According to LinkedIn, the CEO still worked in the previous company in the early stage of the project. I only left office in July, so the development of the project is a place that needs to be considered.

Application scenario

Origo Network proposes a security protocol that not only guarantees private transactions, but also guarantees the privacy of input/output data of decentralized applications by writing smart contracts.
With the Origo Privacy Preserving Application Platform (PPAP), application developers can develop dAPPs with secure input/output data without having to understand cryptography. In order to improve the degree of anonymity, Origo bypasses the restrictions of the public chain through off-chain execution and Proof of Correctness (in the public chain, each transaction information is provided to everyone). In other cases, such as computational verification for privacy-preserving applications, the computation is performed on-chain.
In order to provide both off-chain and on-chain computations, Origo has developed a protocol to ensure the privacy of smart contracts during execution.
Inside the protocol, there are four main phases:
Initialization phase - An executor is selected from the network to be used in the execution phase.
Commit Phase - Parties freeze their tokens into the contract and submit a delegation containing their private inputs and token information. Once submitted, the delegate cannot be changed. After a timeout or when all stores have been validated, the delegation ends.
Execution Phase - All inputs are provided to off-chain executors, which avoids revealing the input data to the public.
Settlement Phase - The executor forms a Zero-Knowledge Proof that the contract has been executed correctly and sends it to a chain where it can be verified via the blockchain. Finally, each party decrypts the output data.
To guarantee the security of input/output data, Origo enforces a transaction privacy policy, creating 2 ledgers:
Public Ledger
Private Ledger - supports money transfers. Through Zerocah technology, Mint (allows users to convert non-anonymous tokens into new tokens with hidden initial value and owner address through delegation) and sale operation (allows users to conduct private transactions and generate new public tokens by consuming private tokens) or private tokens).
Origo proposes three blockchain-based infrastructure mechanisms to improve scalability:
Hybrid Consensus - eliminates the shortcomings of PoS, PoW and PoA consensus, and improves transaction throughput;
Advanced Fragmentation Technology - Linear scaling of Origo;
Enhanced Virtual Machine (VM) - Increased execution speed of smart contracts.
Origo VM is based on an emerging virtual machine standard: WebAssembly (WASM), supported by LLVM as the compilation backend, and can use multiple programming languages ​​for input. Initially, only the C++ programming language is supported. The VM is based on the EVM with extended opcodes to support ZKP and verification loop operations.
Other roles on the platform:
Validators, provide computing power to the platform, and perform various tasks such as verifying evidence and blocks, and mining and computing tasks;
Users, use on the platform Contracts or DApps;
contract/dApp developers, create privacy-preserving smart contracts and Dapps;
executors, perform privacy-preserving tasks through zero-knowledge proofs.
Origos' privacy-preserving protocol allows for widespread adoption in private and public dAPPs, with applications in finance, enterprise, healthcare, IoT, and other fields.

Technical Overview

Origo considers its own public chain from several aspects. First, Origo is a privacy protection application platform. By adding its own privacy protocol into the zero-knowledge proof framework, it builds a Dapp data privacy protection and privacy Trading platform (PPAP). Second, Origo supports the off-chain operation of Dapp, which not only protects privacy but also improves the speed of the chain. Third, Origo adopts a highly scalable architecture, including enhanced consensus protocols, sharding technology, stateless client, and virtual machines with excellent performance. This article focuses on Origo's privacy protocol.
Origo's protocol is divided into four steps, including initialization, submission, execution, and end. The object includes three parts, namely the participant, the blockchain ledger, and the executor.
Initialization phase: The system will elect an executor, who contributes his own computing resources, and executes the smart contract to get the result (the executor's public key will be known by all parties).
Submission stage: All parties in the system will lock certain tokens in the smart contract and submit the information, and upload it to the blockchain. The uploaded information includes the parameters that the participants will input using the executor's public key to encrypt and calculate Zero-knowledge proof of the final result and locked tokens.
Execution phase: After the blockchain receives the information, it verifies the zero-knowledge proofs submitted by all parties. After the verification is completed, the information is sent to the executor, and the executor decrypts it with his own private key. Then the executor executes the smart contract off-chain, so that neither the information entered by the user nor the execution result of the smart contract will be known to the public.
Ending phase: The executor will execute a zero-knowledge proof to prove that he has correctly executed the contract, and encrypt the execution result with the public key of each participant, and then send the two pieces of information to the blockchain together, Once the blockchain verifies the correctness of this zero-knowledge proof, the locked tokens are distributed to the participating parties according to the results.
Through these four steps, the user's information, transaction amount and contract execution details will be kept confidential, but people can verify whether the contract has been executed correctly. On the other hand, in order to prevent the malicious behavior of the participants and the executor to announce the participant information after the contract ends, the system will require the tokens of the participants and executors to be locked first, and the tokens will be confiscated after the malicious behavior occurs.
Technological innovation: The expansion of zero-knowledge proof technology to the input and output of blockchain applications is a major technological innovation. The expansion of privacy protection will allow blockchain technology to be applied to more industries. In Origo's technical white paper, a large number of technical descriptions are exemplified, such as origo VM, which supports C++ for smart contract development, and can also support python and Java in the long run.
At present, traditional consensus and blockchain consensus are not ideal for large-scale commercial applications. origo has designed a hybrid consensus that can achieve performance similar to traditional consensus, but does not require authorization settings.
At the same time, Origo adopts the combination of on-chain (similar to bitcoin transactions, which happen on the chain) and off-chain (similar to intra-exchange transactions, only the data of the exchange changes, not on the chain) The method ensures high efficiency and privacy protection. The correctness of the privacy verification required by DAPP adopts off-chain, and the verifier DAPP privacy preservation and normal DAPP execution take place on-chain.

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