MediBloc is an open information service platform developed based on blockchain technology, which can securely integrate and manage medical information generated by multiple devices including smartphones and scattered in different medical institutions. Medical consumers can set different read permissions for each personal information according to their needs, so as to fully own the ownership and control of their own medical information. Medical service providers can share the medical records of medical objects with the consent of consumers. Enter Medi-Bloc. Individuals, research institutions or enterprises who wish to obtain other people's medical information can obtain the required medical information resources after obtaining the consent of the information owner. At the same time, software developers can use the API and SDK provided by the MediBloc platform to create various opportunities for medical information services.

1. Project introduction

MediBloc is a decentralized medical information ecosystem for patients, medical service providers and researchers. MediBloc establishes an information sharing and trading place among patients, medical service providers and researchers by issuing MED coins. Here, we can easily obtain a large amount of real and credible medical information.

Project Features

1. The highest level of security (Maximum Security)

According to the provisions of the HIPAA Act, all medical information shall be kept encrypted. In the current medical system, the main body that manages and encrypts medical information is the medical service provider. Medical institutions generally consist of a group of people. Therefore, even if medical information is stored encrypted, there may be some people who can decrypt the medical information. In fact, according to a recent survey, the leading cause of medical information leakage is not due to hacking but due to intentional or mistaken insiders. In order to minimize the possibility of personal information leakage, MediBloc transfers the authority to access medical information from the medical service provider to the patient himself. Only the patient himself can decrypt his own data, freely set the access rights of medical information and record it on the blockchain. This not only minimizes the way of medical information leakage, but also greatly reduces the space for others to interfere. At the same time, it eliminates the possibility of leaking a large number of patients' personal information through a medical institution, and fundamentally prevents the occurrence of large-scale medical information leakage incidents.

2. High Reliability

MediBloc stores medical information in a distributed data storage space. In order to prevent data loss, MediBloc continuously generates and maintains backup data. For the recorded data, its hash value will be recorded in the blockchain to verify the integrity of the data. When the data is forcibly changed or forged, it will use Backup data to restore original data. This makes it impossible for even the person who owns the information ownership and management rights to change the saved medical information at will, which greatly guarantees the integrity and reliability of the medical information. Only medical personnel certified by the "Medical Service Provider Qualification Certification System" on the MediBloc platform have the authority to generate other people's medical records. By specifying the creators of the records together and verifying them with the blockchain, the generated medical records are further improved. Data reliability. If a medical service provider wants to view other people's medical information, they also need to complete a certain authentication process and can only view it after obtaining the consent of the information owner.

3. High level of Transparency

All medical records on the MediBloc platform and the process of viewing information by others will be recorded on the blockchain. The current medical institution-oriented medical information system cannot track when and for what purpose personal medical information is used, but MediBloc will completely transparently manage and control when, where and for what purpose personal information is used. purpose. The access rights of all medical records on MediBloc are recorded on the blockchain and managed by the person himself, which prevents malicious access to medical information from the source.

4. High Interoperability

MediBloc advocates an open platform, using the data and information stored on the platform as a medium to freely connect with various applications. Medical image information and genetic information already have a unified standard, so they can be easily converted to each other and easily exchanged and traded through MediBloc. Since there is no unified standard for medical records, hospital affairs records, and examination result records, MediBloc adopts a method to enhance interoperability, support multiple formats and realize mutual conversion between various supported formats, instead of formulating its own standard and specify a format. To this end, MediBloc not only supports widely used standards such as the HL7 FHIR framework, but also provides APIs and SDKs that comply with various standards. If necessary, it will even provide personalized solutions and data formats for individual medical institutions or individuals. required API and SDK or possible development environment. With such a high degree of freedom and scalability, the MediBloc medical information system will have strong interoperability that cannot be matched by existing medical information systems.

5. High Accessibility

By storing all medical information in a distributed database, MediBloc can provide users with convenient access anytime, anywhere through an Internet connection. At present, most medical institutions do not allow external network login to access medical information, and only a few medical institutions that provide such services will only provide restricted access rights depending on the situation. By launching a data system that does not depend on any specific medical institution, MediBloc reduces its dependence on a single medical institution, allowing users to access and manage their own medical information more conveniently.

6. Patient-oriented ideal comprehensive medical information system; personal health management record (PHR)

MediBloc uses distributed and decentralized blockchain technology for data management and integration. MediBloc not only integrates, stores and manages medical records created by medical institutions, but also medical data created by patients themselves. Regardless of the device used, the medical data directly generated by the user outside the medical institution can be easily stored on MediBloc. These integrated medical care information will be widely used in general hospital care and personalized mobile medical services.

Technical Overview

1. MediBloc Platform Structure (PlatformStructure)

MediBloc consists of core, service and application three-tier architecture.

The first layer: MediBloc core layer

The core layer is a distributed database that can use the latest encryption technology in the MediBloc medical data network to protect data. Since the amount of data that can be stored on the blockchain is very limited, a separate storage space is required to efficiently store medical data, and the core layer provides this functionality. The medical data generated and transmitted in the MediBloc application is usually encrypted at the application layer through the MediBloc SDK before transmission, which makes it impossible for anyone else to read the original data except the data holder who can decrypt the data. The core layer can be accessed through MediBloc's service layer. In addition, the core layer of MediBloc also provides a backup and recovery system for the stored data so that the data can be safely stored without loss.

The second layer: MediBloc service layer

The service layer provides all the core functions including connecting the MediBloc application with the core layer and managing user information. The service layer is powered by the blockchain, based on the information stored in the blockchain, and performs data input/output functions through the connection with the MediBloc core layer. Internally, the service layer can be divided into Ethereum Virtual

The virtual machine (EVM)-based smart contract and the part that connects the application layer and the core layer. Smart contracts include account information containing MED currency information and links to medical data at the core layer. In MediBloc, possible platform operating costs are reduced by minimizing the amount of data stored in the blockchain containing smart contracts.

The third layer; MediBloc application layer

MediBloc application layer refers to the collective name of all applications that manage and utilize medical information through the platform, and it includes all forms of applications in mobile and web environments. These applications can access data in the platform through the service layer. Application development can be made easier and faster with the upcoming SDK, which makes it easy to develop applications to connect to the MediBloc platform. Even without using the SDK, it is possible to develop applications that connect to the MediBloc platform if they follow the upcoming API and development protocol. Some practical applications and service examples developed based on MediBloc will be described in more detail in the service examples in Chapter 5 below.

2. MediBloc Platform Components

The MediBloc platform is an EVM-based distributed application. The EVM is not perfect, but it is currently being widely used in the development of smart contracts. Therefore, in terms of time cost, money cost, versatility and reliability, building a platform based on EVM is more efficient than building a blockchain network and building a platform based on it. In addition, EVM-based development can theoretically run on various blockchain platforms such as Ethereum (ETH) [19] and quantum chain (Qtum) [20] and EOS [21] that support EVM. Therefore, according to the technical support of these blockchain platforms, MediBloc can flexibly choose the operating platform, which is also an advantage of the MediBloc platform. Among these blockchain platforms, the advantages of Quantum Chain's Bitcoin platform and Ethereum platform are that they are currently the fastest scalable platforms that use the protocol algorithm in the form of POS to support EVM. MediBloc uses Quantum Chain (Qtum) as the main platform.

The MediBloc platform has three main types of information: MED coin information, personal information and medical information. Although the method of storing all information on the blockchain is the most ideal, due to the limitations of practical factors such as cost, storage space and performance, the amount of information directly stored on the blockchain will be minimized, occupying a large The personal information and medical information of the storage space will be stored outside the blockchain in encrypted form, and only the hash values ​​corresponding to them will be stored on the blockchain. Data storage uses distributed storage based on the IPFS file system [22].

2.1 MediBloc account (Account)

Accounts that can be created on the MediBloc platform can be divided into ordinary user accounts, medical service provider accounts (medical staff, medical institutions, medical care applications, etc.) and medical researcher accounts according to their usage purposes. Although these accounts are created and run in the same technical way, they require different functions, permissions and reliability depending on their actual role in the MediBloc ecosystem.

Medical service providers and medical researchers need to conduct separate qualification verification when registering for an account. This is done in order to effectively distinguish the information filled by the medical service provider from the information generated in the general account. Access to another person's account by a normal user account is prohibited in principle. In the case that the account owner cannot personally manage the account, it can be managed by others, but only with the consent of the person. It happens from time to time that medical consumers become unconscious due to accidents or illnesses, making it impossible for them to authenticate themselves. In order to cope with this situation, important information such as blood type necessary for medical consumer accounts in emergencies can be recorded separately. In special cases, medical service providers can also access the separately recorded information without the consent of the individual.

The situation of wanting to view other people's medical information can be roughly divided into two types: one is an application for viewing by a medical service provider in order to provide medical services, and the other is an application for medical information for medical research and development The status of medical care services. The subject of the latter is a medical researcher. In this case, they need to be independently authenticated as a medical researcher and pass the identity verification of the account owner.

2.2 MediBloc Medical Service Provider Accountability Certification System

The MediBloc platform has a medical service provider qualification certification system to distinguish between medical service providers and ordinary users. In order to guarantee the value of the medical information recorded on the MediBloc platform, the data generator must be certified as a doctor. If it is a medical institution, it is also necessary to confirm whether it has passed the qualification certification. Medical records filled out by certified healthcare providers are also naturally more valuable.

MediBloc adopts a hybrid certification system, which combines a centralized certification method directly certified by a trusted authority and a decentralized certification method from an already certified P2P. In order to improve the credibility of P2P authentication, the authenticator needs to pay a certain amount of MP points as a deposit when participating in the authentication. Users who complete the task honestly during the authentication process will be rewarded, otherwise part of the deposit will be confiscated as a fine. The result of P2P certification will ultimately be determined by the votes of the certification participants. In this process, the voting results of individual evaluators will not be published. For this reason, an anonymous authentication protocol [23] will be used for evaluation.

2.3 MediBloc storage space

Although the storage space occupied by clinical records in the form of electronic documents is generally difficult to exceed a few megabytes, medical image data can easily be hundreds of megabytes or even larger. The size of genetic data will vary depending on the stage of data processing, but the required capacity is likely to exceed several gigabytes. It is not advisable to store all this data on the blockchain. Therefore, MediBloc uses a private key that can only be decrypted by the user to encrypt data and save it in a storage space outside the blockchain, and only stores the hash value of these data in the blockchain. As mentioned above, the storage space will use the IPFS-based file system and internal data network structure

In addition to using their own personal devices (mobile phones, computers, etc.) as the main data storage space, users can also store medical information in the storage space outside the MediBloc core layer blockchain. Based on such stored data, users can easily obtain a variety of personalized digital medical care services. The integrity of the stored data can be verified by the hash value stored in the blockchain.

Users may lose data managed by their personal devices for various reasons. Smartphones and computers storing data may malfunction or be lost, and data may be deleted or partially lost. In order to deal with these emergencies, MediBloc provides a data backup system internally, and will provide users with 1GB of medical information storage space for free. Even if ordinary users store all their clinical records and medical image materials, they can hardly use up the storage space. However, these capacities may be difficult to meet the needs of a small number of users who keep genetic data or go to the hospital frequently, as well as users who generate more medical records through various services. In this case, MediBloc will provide additional storage space at a very low price. For all these storage spaces, MediBloc will comply with the international medical information management standards stipulated by laws such as HIPAA.

2.4 MediBloc search system

MediBloc provides a data search function through the service layer. As one of its core functions, users who want to obtain medical information of people who meet certain conditions can use this data search function. For this purpose, MediBloc independently operates its own search system. All users have the ability to manage personal information and determine whether they can be publicly searched. Therefore, the search system basically only targets those users who are allowed to be searched.

Users can set search criteria, including search permissions and search permission options. If the user is allowed to be searched, the MediBloc search system stores index information about the user's data. Medical researchers can retrieve users of the data they want through the search system, and conduct data transactions in the form of peer-to-peer (P2P) through data owners and smart contracts.

In order to minimize the exposure of user information, MediBloc uses Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX), so that even the administrator of the MediBloc search system cannot know the information of users registered in the system. By storing and managing sensitive user information in a sealed space, the possibility of user information exposure can be minimized, thereby making the storage of personal information safer.

If the user does not want the data to be directly retrieved by the MediBloc search system, but is still willing to sell or donate the data when eligible, he can participate in the data transaction in a slightly different way. Users who want to obtain data from others can find the data through the MediBloc real-time search system by simply entering the search criteria for the required data and the compensation for providing the data in the MediBloc network. A user can determine from his personal device whether his data satisfies the condition, and participate in the transaction of the data through the push notification function, etc. All these functions can be done automatically in the background without the user even having to actively participate.

Two. Comments

MediBloc is the most revolutionary yet safe and reliable medical data platform; combined with blockchain and latest technology, the platform has the highest level of data security and integrity. Individual patients can use their data on the platform as needed, which will become the basis for data-driven medical innovation, including but not limited to personalized precision medicine, big data-based disease prediction, and medical research. The healthcare experience will be reshaped for everyone from patients to doctors, researchers, pharmaceutical companies and insurance companies.

MediBloc enables individual patients to use their mobile devices to collect and manage their medical records and utilize them as needed. Patients can share their records with healthcare providers, avoiding duplication of testing and providing high-quality data for disease prediction and optimized medication. In a world where information is power, MediBloc maximizes autonomy and assists each individual to make the best decision for themselves.

Healthcare providers can use MediBloc solutions to provide patients with a higher level of care. Optimized for processing, utilizing and exchanging medical records, the solution can deliver personalized care based on their complete medical record index history, maximizing patient satisfaction and reducing the potential for loss of insurance claims.

As a real-world data platform, MediBloc helps to collect and utilize health data generated not only by medical institutions, but also by personal IT devices such as smartphones. RWD is the supporting evidence and basis for medical innovation, including new drug development, customized insurance products and other medical services.

Related links:
https://www.chainnews.com/articles/476429116270.htm
https://medibloc.org/en/
http:/ /www.qukuaiwang.com.cn/szhb/2752.html###
https://www.coindesk.com/a-top-5-us-hospital-is-exploring-blockchain-for-patient- data
https://www.jinse.com/bitcoin/223870.html